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History Toggle History subsection 13th century 14th–16th centuries 17th–19th centuries 20th century Demographics Economy Transport Sights Notable people Twin towns – sister cities References External links Jeseník
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Tools Coordinates: 50°13′47″N 17°12′17″E From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other places with the similar name, see Jeseník (disambiguation). Jeseník Town Town hall Town hall Flag of Jeseník Flag Coat of arms of Jeseník Coat of arms Jeseník is located in Czech RepublicJeseníkJeseník Location in the Czech Republic Coordinates: 50°13′47″N 17°12′17″E Country Czech Republic Region Olomouc District Jeseník First mentioned 1267 Government • Mayor Zdeňka Blišťanová (TOP 09) Area • Total 38.23 km2 (14.76 sq mi) Elevation 432 m (1,417 ft) Population (2023-01-01)[1] • Total 10,665 • Density 280/km2 (720/sq mi) Time zone UTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST) Postal code 790 01 Website www.jesenik.org Jeseník (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɛsɛɲiːk]; until 1947 Frývaldov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈfriːvaldof]); German: Freiwaldau, Polish: Frywałdów) is a spa town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants.
Administrative parts Villages of Bukovice and Dětřichov are administrative parts of Jeseník.
Etymology
View of Jeseník The original name of Jeseník was Freiwaldau/Frývaldov, deriving from German frei vom Walde, meaning "free from the woods". The name first appeared in Latin documents under the name Vriwald and later as Vrowald, Vrienwalde and Freynwalde. The Czech name of Frývaldov was a phonetic transcription of the German name.[2][3]
After World War II, the town was renamed along with many other towns containing German elements in their names.[4][5] It is named after the surrounding mountains, which are called Hrubý Jeseník or Jeseníky.
Geography Jeseník is located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Olomouc, in the historical land of Czech Silesia. It lies at the confluence of the Bělá River, a tributary of the Eastern Neisse, with the Staříč Stream. The valley of these watercourses belongs to the Zlatohorská Highlands. The southern part of the municipal territory is situated in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range. The northern part extends to the Golden Mountains. The highest point of the municipal territory is the Velké Bradlo mountain with an altitude of 1,050 metres (3,440 ft).
History
Water Fortress 13th century The first written mention of Jeseník is from 1267.[3] It was probably founded during the colonization of the territory by the Bishops of Wrocław, who acquired the area in 1199. It became a town between 1284 and 1295, thanks to the development caused by its strategic location on a trade route from Moravia to Silesia and on the confluence of two rivers, and thanks to the iron ore deposits in the surroundings. In 1284 at the latest, a castle had to stand here.[3]
14th–16th centuries In the 14th century Freiwaldau developed as a centre of iron one processing. The first mention of the iron ore processing is from 1326, when thirteen hammer mills were already operating here. However, mining ended already at the end of the 14th century. In the second half of the 15th century, gold and silver were mined here.[3]
From 1378 to 1463, the town was owned by the Mušín family. In the following decades it often changed owners. In 1506, the flourishing town was purchased by the Swabian Fugger dynasty who resumed mining activity. In the same year, the town obtained the Bergregal privileges. The iron ore deposits were soon exhausted or have become unprofitable, and the Fuggers sold the town back to the Wrocław bishops in 1547. The town developed crafts and gained many guild privileges at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. Linen weaving became the most important source of income.[3]
17th–19th centuries
Jeseník spa in the early 20th century Jeseník was damaged several times during the Thirty Years' War. Between the years 1622 and 1684, the town was in the centre of the infamous Northern Moravia witch trials. A large fire severely damaged the town in 1696. Despite the difficulties, economic prosperity continued until 1742, when Jeseník became part of Austrian Silesia after the First Silesian War. Due to the loss of Silesian markets as the main customer of production, linen got into a crisis and the town lost its mining privileges.[3]
New economic development occurred in the 19th century, when industrialization began and new factories and enterprises were established. Significant and world-famous was the Regenhart u. Rayman textile factory, established in 1822. The opening of the railway in 1888 also helped the development of the town. In 1808, the Grabenberg hamlet (later known as Gräfenberg/Gräfenberk, today Lázně Jeseník) was founded, and the spa was established here in the 1820s. Gräfenberg was incorporated into the town in 1868.[3]
20th century Jeseník remained with the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy until World War I and the creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918. According to the Austrian administration census of 1910 the town had 6,859 inhabitants, with 6,588 (99.5%) were speaking German, 16 Czech and 13 Polish. Jews were not allowed to declare Yiddish, most of them thus declared German. Most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 6,552 (95.5%), followed by Protestants with 208 (3%) and the Jews with 83 (1.2%).[6]
In 1938, Jeseník was ceded to Nazi Germany as a result of the Munich Agreement. It was administered as a part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. During World War II, the German occupiers operated several forced labour subcamps of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the town.[7] The town was restored to Czechoslovakia after the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II in 1945. The German population was expelled according to the Potsdam Agreement and Beneš Decrees in 1945.
I first went to google translate ...as the word is in czeck language etc. in my day at the Railroad I delved into old reports and nooks and cranies for proof of used tracks by another railroad and I was in acctg. dept. i loved my job. I love to look for stuff.
Hi Bev, its Bev to the rescue...thank you! You must have been a detective in your working years :) Very interesting history. Where did you find it? I searched and found very little. Please tell me what a water fortress is. I will call on you, if you don't mind, when I need help :) Thank you for your help. Hope all is well with you. Nancy
Very interesting photo! I tried to research it and came up with it is a hotel. Is that correct? If so, please tell me why is there metal caging on the lower windows.
I see that you have come by and solved my puzzle today, and wanted to say thank you! I also looked at photos of your area, and found there are very beautiful skies by you! It has been awhile since you have shared any puzzles. Please if you can, share photos of your skies. You may have noticed that I love skies. Thank you for sharing a fun puzzle.
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